Beta Glucans Experience Increased Immune Function Naturally.

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Experience the most potent form of Beta Glucans on the planet. GreenPath Beta Glucans is formulated from the cell walls of Baker’s yeast, which is more powerful than other Beta Glucans supplements formulated from weaker particles extracted from oats and barley. Traditional purification methods use harsh alkali and acid, which deteriorate the fragile lower-density layer essential to effective macrophage cell activation. GreenPath’s patented enzymatic purification process ensures the most powerful defense against disease by leaving this delicate layer intact.

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GreenPath Beta Glucans was designed by Mother Nature and formulated directly from natural ingredients to ensure a safe and healthy boost for your immune system. GreenPath Beta Glucans is the most effective Beta Glucans supplement money can buy with a 90% purity guarantee, compared to other Beta Glucans supplements with only 80% purity levels. Protect yourself from disease and lower your risk of cancer with GreenPath Beta Glucans, the all natural immunity booster.

History of (103)-b-D-glucans testing

Lehmann and Reiss were the first to report the measurement of circulatingAspergillus fumigatusanti-gen in rabbits and humans with IA in 1978 [16].

Theirstrategy involved the development of an antiserum against serum from rabbits experimentally infected with A. fumigatus. They detected a single antigenic moiety that circulated in the blood of infected rabbits and humans with proven IA [16]. They later determined that galactomannan was the molecule being detected by the rabbit antiserum [17].

During these experiments, Betaglucans was isolated and characterized fromA. fumigatus cell walls, but found to be non-antigenic [17]. In 1968, Levin and Bang developed an assay for bacterial endotoxin using the amebocytes ofLimulus polyphemus[the American horseshoe crab] [18]. During pyrogenicity testing of carboxy-methylated Betaglucans that was being studied as an anti-tumor agent, Kakinuma and colleagues noted that Betaglucans consistently turned theLimu-lus test positive , despite confirmation of non-pyrogeni-city in inoculated animals [19].

Morita and colleagues, by studying Tachypleus tridentatus [Japanese horseshoe crab] amebocyte lysate fractions, demonstrated that Betaglucans triggered theLimulustest coagulation cascade via a separate proenzyme, which was termed Factor G (Fig. 1) [20].

Obayashi and colleagues developed a chromo-genic test based on the recombination of the different amebocyte lysate fractions and proposed that use of recombined fractions containing Factor G, but not Factor C, which recognizes endotoxin, could be used for non-invasive testing for the diagnosis of invasive fungal diseases (IFD) [21].

Following proof of principle studies [22] and after confirmation that Betaglucans was indeed the substrate that bound to Factor G to trigger the reaction cascade of their chromogenic test [23], Obayashi and colleagues published the first multicenter validation study in 1995 [11].

A similar Betaglucans test was developed using amebocyte lysate fractions of the American horseshoe crab and approved by the FDA in 2004 as an aid in the diagnosis of fungemia and deep-seated mycoses [24] following a prospective validation study [12]

Role of (103)-b-D-glucan in the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis

Measurement of serum (103)-b-D-Glucan (Betaglucans) is an aid in the diagnosis of fungemia and deep-seated mycoses, including invasive aspergillosis (IA). Betaglucans is present in the cell wall of most pathogenic fungi (includingPneumocystis jiroveci) in significant amounts with some notable exceptions such as Cryptococcus neoformans and Zygomycetes.

Commercially available assays can detect serum Betaglucans concentrations as low as 1 pg/mL. Published validation studies have included patients with IA and other invasive fungal diseases (IFD). Betaglucans detection appears to be more sensitive than galactomannan detection in patients with IA, but Betaglucans’s intrinsic lack of mycological specificity requires the integration of clinical, radiological, and microbiological data for proper interpretation. Betaglucans assay test characteristics can be used, for example, to exclude IA in some clinical scenarios

, to increase the certainty of IA in the presence of an isolated positive galactomannan result or when testing follows initiation of antifungal treatment. Betaglucans may be falsely elevated in the serum in the absence of IFD in patients undergoing hemodialysis with cellulose membranes, in patients treated with immunoglobulin, albumin, or other blood products filtered through cellulose filters containing Betaglucans, and in patients with serosal exposure to glucan-containing gauze or to certain intravenous antimicrobials.

These potential sources of false positivity should be considered when interpreting Betaglucans results. Betaglucans may be useful as a sensitive screening tool for surveillance of IA and other IFD in populations at risk. Stratified IFD screening and diagnostic strategies using both galactomannan and Betaglucans should be explored. Factors affecting the production and clearance of Betaglucans during IA and other IFD need additional study to further refine its diagnostic utility.